Factors Purchasing Tyres

Sample details Pages: 28 Words: 8378 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Abstract In this project I have study of factors influencing while purchasing tyres JK tyres manufactured by Jk Tyre Industries. In this competitive era of marketing where the satisfaction of the customer towards the product is become first priority, it is therefore very important to analyze customer behaviour. Consumer behaviour can be looked upon as study of how individuals make decisions on how to spend their available resources like time, effort, money in various consumption related items. The understanding of customer needs and wants is one of the major underpinning construct of marketing. Without putting customer on the top company cannot get success, forgetting success every company should target customer, because market is totally customer oriented. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Factors Purchasing Tyres | Marketing" essay for you Create order This project evaluated which factors influence the customer most when he/she goes for purchasing tyres. Finally I have given some views and suggestions to the company with which they can satisfy the customer the most. Preface Inspite of theoretical knowledge gained through class room study, a person is incomplete if notsubjectedto practical exposureof real corporate world. He may have to face hurdules, which will be difficultto overcomewithout any first hand experience of business. In this context, research program has been designedto make aware ofhappening of real business. The project entitled Factors influencingwhile purchasing tyres with special refrece to JK tyres, has been done at New Delhi and Jalandhar as completion part of Msc International Business. In my work-based dissertation, we worked upon the analysis of the JK tyre industries in New Delhi and Jalandhar by customer attitude throughthe personal contact andquestionnaires. During my work-based dissertation, I got opportunity to apply my theoretical skills and knowledge and meaningful concept to actual business condition and Familiarizewith the marketing activities of the products. All the work done on thisproject is confined to mybroad objective. In todays world of intense competition and rapid dynamism, all companies worldwide are tuning their focus on the customer. Suddenly, customer had succeeded in capturing all attention of the companies towards him, so much so, that maxim, customer is god has become so true and relevant today. There has been a paradigm shift in the thinking of these companies and none other than customer has brought this about. Earlier there was seller market, since the goods and services were in short supply and sellers use to call the shots. But ever since the advent of era of globalization there has been total transformation in the way of customers being perceived. Today, marketers are marketers are directing their effort in retaining customers and customer base. The customer importance has assumed imponderable proportion in todays world because of inherent value that customers command. A customer can make or break the company. It is the responsibility of every company that to see all its customers are equally satisfied with them , for one single dissatisfied customer will tell at least nine other customer about the dissatisfaction and will spark off the chain reaction and spell doom for that company In the past customer were taken as ride, as there were not many players in the fields, not much importance was attached to product safety, quality, service and product appeal. The attitude of manufacturer was that of Caveat-emptor. Thanks to the government policies on liberalization, globalization and privatization, the market has changed today. Today customer has host of defence mechanism like customer protection laws, regulation of government, the powerful hands of organization, switching to or competitors. The maxim Caveat-emptor has been replaced by Caveat-venditor. In the past after sales service was consider as cost centre, companies were lethargic in attending the customer complaints. Availability of trainee service personal and quality genuine spare parts was serious problems. However, with rising competition, there could not be much product differentiation as product, quality was comparable and latest technology was with each and every company in the field.Since there could not be much differential a tangible assets, the companies concentrated on the intangible assets normally service factor which served as major differentiator. Today after sales is considered as major aspect for every company and it is no more considered as cost centre but now it considered as profit centre Company profile JK tyre is only manufacturer of truck and bus tyres and second largest manufacturers of 4- wheelers. JK tyre and Industries in counted among the huge corporate entity which is the symbol of excellence, diversification and pioneering new technologies. Since its commencement it has been supreme in the value of technology which made it grow .JK tyre manufacturers and sells the tyres and tubes fot passenger car, truck, jeep, buses, multi utility vehicle,tractors and light commercial vehicle under its brand JK tyre. The company is the only manufacturer of T H high performance tyres in India. JK ranked Highest in customer satisfaction with original tyres by J.D power Asia Pacific Study. Its customers are mostly Replacement for four wheelers, entire Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in India along with state and defence transport units. Moreover JK have customer base across 45 countries and 6 continents. Administrative Office: Link House, 3, Bahadurshah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110 002 https://www.jktyre.com/j-k-industries-limited.html Vision mission Vision To be amongstmost admired companies in India committed to excellence Mission Be customer obsessed company No. 1 Tyre Brand in India Deliver enhance value to all stakeholders Most profitable tyre company in India Enhance global presence through acquisition Motivated and committedteam developmentfor high performanceorganization https://www.jktyre.com/j-k-industries-limited.html Key developments JK tyre industries Earning results for first quarter declared 30.06.09 For the first quarter company has reportednet profit of INR 40.75 crores or earnings of Rs 9.92per share on the Net Sales of INR 897.67 Crores In gross sales has been INR 964.58 Crores .The board [emailprotected] 27% dividend on equity shares for the financial year ended 31 march 2009 . Companies profit before tax had been INR 62.16 crores and operatingprofit was INR 107.14 Crores. Performanceduring the quarter has significantly improved on account of all round cost reduction measures, better operatingeffeciencies, productivity, and richer product mix. First tyre company to receive ISO 14001. First and only tyre company to export passengercar radial to Europe. Worlds first tyre manufacturer to get QS9000 for its operation. Indias first to get ISO 9001. JK tyre is pioneer in promoting Rallying, karting, motor sports, JK tyrepioneer of steel radial technology. Customer satisfaction JK tyre is the preferred choice of the all leading vehicle manufacturers in India like Maruti (https://www.jktyre.com/directors-report06.pdf) BEML (https://www.overdrive.in/story-news-general_news/jk_tyre_to_produce_otr_tyres-12662-0.html) Ashok Leyland (https://www.financialexpress.com/news/truck-tyre-mkt-on-road-to-radialisation/88811/) TATA Motors Mahindra Force motors Volvo (https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/iw/2008/03/09/stories/2008030950701100.htm) JK Tyre meets ISO 9001, QS9000, ISO14001,E-MARK, DOT,IN METRO standards where ever applicable. JK Tyres efficient RD department is deeply involved in making improvements in the product performance, quality, and bring out new products. Company aims to give satisfaction to its customer by offering high quality and cost effective tyres and tubes. (https://www.jktyre.com/quality-policy.html) History of the company On 14 February 1951 JK organization was incorporated as a private limited company. Till 31 March 1970, the company was involved only in the business managing agency. After that, company took manufacturing activities and in February 1972 company obtained the letter of intent for production of automobile tyres and tubes. In 1974 company manufactured 4 lakh automobiles tyres and tubes per annum then on 1st April 1974 company was converted into public limited company. After this company promoted manufacturing project, it was done by J.K. Synthetics Ltd and straw Products Ltd. The company took international step by collaboration with General Tire Co.,U.S.A.,which was subsidiary of General Tire Rubber Co.,U.S.A. ,this collaboration was for the technical services which was for about 5 years and sales agreement for the supply of technical know-how, engineer and documentation for operation facilities for eight years. According to the agreement, J.K. tyre had right to use on its products the wording made in the collaboration with General Tire Co. Company renewed its technical collaboration agreement for further 5 years. In 1987 apart from 51 days strike as well as go slow from 14 Octoberthe overall working resulted in substantial profits. Since the strike was resolved efforts were made to launch a new pattern in steel belted Radial tyres and it was introduced for Maruti Gypsy and Tata Mobile by the company in 1988. The company proposed install latest and sophisticated RD equipement by incurring expenditure of Rs 300 lakh. Due to RD in 1989 company introduced several new pattern and sizes of tyres including a semi-lug Nylon Truck tyre, and got good response from the market. In 1991 Hidrive Finance Ltd., Radial Finance Ltd., Handeep Investment, J.K International Ltd., J.K Asia Pacific, Shivdham Properties, Pancham Investment ltd., became the subsidiaries of the companies. By 1992 company international division expanded its activities by opening its office in Moscow( Russia) apart from companys subsidiaries already in U.K and Hongkong. Market well accepted the radial tyres for tractors launched previous year. In 1993 company introduced new brands of radial tyres Brute and Ultima. After this compony started manufacturing steel belted radial tyres for the prestigious cars like Mercedes Benz, Peugeot,Daewoo race and Opel Astra. Market well received the new patterns developed for bus and trucks PE-T8. Despite of rise in inputs cost and cost of raw material and the competion company maintained its progress. Company attained higher capacity and all around cost reduction on both plants at Jaykaygra and Banmore. Many new generation cars accepted the J.K steel radial as T- rated ultima launched and was accepted by Daewoos Cielo and then Mercedes benz india also choosed J.K steel radialafter this it G.Ms Astra. Then next were `Peugekot FIATs, `UNO and M Ms `Ford. After this company launched premium tyre to meet heavy load market which was Jet Trak-39 with this company launched new tractor rear tyre SONA which was also greatly accepted by the market. During 1996 company launched car tyre JET Drive XS,and nylon car tyre for maruti along with semi-lug and heavy duty lug tyre for trucks. In radial category, Ultima XR Radial, a terrain tyre was introduced. All these tyres got good response from the consumers. Companies both the plants were operated at full capacity. In radial tyres units also launched dual contact high traction and high performance Aquasonic steel radial car tyre. As company had loan repayment of Rs 635 crores it proposed to reduced its debt by 125 crore in 2000. J.K tyre and the Indian oil corporation camecollaboration to install digital air pressure gauges and setting up sales out at IOC petrol station across the country. In 2001 managing director of J.K Industries Raghupati singhania was selected 19th chairman of ATMA (Automotive Tyre Manufacturers Association). J.K Industries in 2003 got new Marketing Director as Mr. Ajay Kapila who was earlierSenior-Vice President in Kinetic Engineering Ltd. J.K. tyres merged with Vikrant tyres along with the non tyre business, sugar and agriculture into separate companies which were J.K Sugar Ltd and J.K Agri-Gentics Ltd. On 2nd April 2007 J.K Industries Ltd changed their name to J.K tyre and Industries Ltd. (https://www.moneycontrol.com/stocks/company_info/company_history.php?sc_did=JKT01) History of JK Organisation JK Organisation owes its name to late Lala Juggilal Singhania, dynamic personality with broad vision. Inspired by the cause of Swadeshi movement of Mahatma Gandhi and driven the zeal to set up an Indian enterprise .Lala Kamlapat Singhania founded JK organization in 19 century ushering in new industrial era in India. The process of industrialization and diversification was worthily and successfully carried on by Lala Kamlapats illustrious sons Sir Padampat, Lala kailashpat, Lala Lakshmipat, aided in no small measures by the Late Gopal Krishna son of Sir Padampat. (https://www.jktyre.com/founders.html) 1933- Juggilal Kamlapat cotton Spinning and Weaving Mills Co. Ltd was the first to manufacture calco prints in the country. In 1940 J.K iron and steel Co Ltd manufactured first time steel bailing hoops for jute and cotton with which country became self sufficient in meeting the entire demand. Then in 1944 they produced first timealuminium virgin Metal from the IndianBauxite atAluminiumcorporation of India Ltd, Jaykaynagar. There after J.K engineer files manufactures first time in India Engineering files in 1949. In 1959 they were the first one to set up a continuous process plant of Rayon.In 1960 J.K Iron steel Co Ltd at Kanpur manufactured for the first time in the country a hydraulically operated cane crushing Mill for their sugar plant in Khandsari and then they completed their 100 ton plant. During 1961 J.K chemical set up worlds first plant for production Hydrosulphite of soda by the amalgamation process of sodium. Similarly in 1962 they their company J.K synthetics Ltd at kota produced first time nylon-6 with its own polymerised raw material in India. J.K Chemicals Ltd was the first one to produce sodium formaldehyde in India. In1968 they produce T.V sets in India along with Metallic Cops for Synthetic Filament yarnindustries.In 1969 J.K synthetics manufactured acrylics fibres in the country for the first time in the country and J.K synthetics Ltd developed Dyeable Nylon. In 1973 they were the first to the licence Synthetic fibre technology to third party and produce Synthetic Fibre Machinery. In 1976 they produce steel belted radial for the first time in indiafor the trucks, buses and passenger cars in their tyre plant at kankroli and then they make steel belted radial tyres for three wheelers which was manufactured for the first time in the world. In 1984 they produced white cement in India for the first time in Indiathrough dry process. Then J.K Synthetics produced Cathonic Dyeable fibre first time in India and nylon tyre cord based on Spin Draw Technology. In India J.K magnetic produced first magnetic tapes with cobalt technology.In 1991 company set up a tyre palnt at Banmore with annual capacity 5.7 lakh tyres. Then in 1992 HASTERI RD centre was established bu the company after two years in 1994 they launched Indias first T-rated tyre and Banmore tyre plant crossed 100 TPD. Next year mecedez benz was launched on J.K tyres and they got the ISO 9001 which was given to first time in history to tyre manufacturer. In 1996they introduced steel wheels and launched first time in India dual contact high tractionsteel radial- aquasonic. Next was the big year for the compay they acquired Vikrant tyres ,awarded national export award for 96-97, first and the only tyre manyfacturer to get E mark certification, they launched first H rated tyre and their research institute got ISO 9002.In 1998 they were awarded capexils highest export award for 1997-98, got QS 9000. In 1999 Jk tyre was ranked worlds 16 largest tyre company, synergy with VTL in procurement, marketing and production flexibility, they got ISA-14000 certificate for environment and safety. In 2000 National Go-Kartingchampionships were introduced by the company. In 2001 company received CAPEXIL award and FOCUS LAC export award. In this year 2nd Go-karting championship was held by the company. (https://www.jktyre.com/milestones.html) Jk tyre acquisition of Mexican tyre company tornel JK tyre acquired Mexican based company with the annual capacity of 6.6 million tyres ,this deal cost Rs 270 crores. This deal made the JK tyre No.1 tyre maker in the country as their annual capacity increased to 15 million units because they have surpassed Apollo tyres which was earlier No.1 with the capacity of 8-10 million. This acquisition not only gives JK tyres an additional tyres but access to thelucrative market of Latin and North America. (https://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=5hid=3[emailprotected]/* */) The company is planning to sell both the brands JK and Tornel in U.S and Canada. They have planned to spend million more on the Tornel plants to add new shape to JKbrand and launch the JK radial and Tornel passenger and light truck brandsfor U.S customers. (https://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=10hid=101[emailprotected]/* */bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bthAN=35120934) JK tyre and motor sports Its been two decades that the JK tyre is closely related to adventurous world of motor sports. JK tyre has been constantlypromoting motorsports not just only to discover several winners, but also using their awareness and knowledge of RD departmentto develop tyres on which world can race upon. JK tyre realised the absence of the infrastructure, which is necessary for the accomplishment of the motorsports in India. Over the last five years, JK tyre has embarked over Rs 15 crore to support the motorsport in India. (https://www.jktyre.com/motorsports/jk-in-motorsports-history.html) Global presence Jk tyre along with its associates Vikrant Tyres Ltd is the leading exporter of tyres from the country which counts roughly 26% of exports. JK tyre is the worlds first manufacturer of tyre to receive ISO 9000 along with QS 9000 for its operations. Across the world only JK tyre has received has certificate of QS 9000 for its multilocation operations. In the country it is only JK tyre was the first company to receive ISO 14001 in recognition of its environmental management systems. Nowadays, products manufactured by JK tyres compete with international players in the international market across the world. The products are exported to to more than 55 countries and in 6 continents. The company has robust and well developed distribution network for exports and the distributors get the full support from technical team for the product development so that they can meet the market requirements. JK tyre products are internationally certified in Europe, US, Middle East and South America. For commitment of offer in superior quality , standards and path-breaking breaking innovation the company has received numerous awards for exports forlast years.in 1999-00 JK being the largest tyre exporter to Latin America it was acknowledgedby the Indian trade promotion organization (ITPO).In 200-01 company was honoured with The Special Export Award from Capexil, with this company made its fourth consecutive award from Indias premier industrial association. JK tyre is constantly making any eefort to deliver value to customerswith along with sound marketing strategy forms which are establishment consistent performance in international market. To develop new products of excellent and distinguished products so that they can compete in the international market, JK tyre had had maintained its marketing and distribution strategies for export market. This credit goes to Indias biggest in-house RD centre, HASTERI (Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer And Tyre Research Institute). This centre is well equipped with latest testing facilities which helps in getting excellence by evolving technologies for superior product performance and it also reduces waste and thinks about the consumer needs. All over JK tyre has obtained many milestones. Despite of , bencjmarking customer sevice and plans to bring in several pioneering technologies there, a lot which will roll out in future in JK tyres winning path. (https://www.jktyre.com/global-business.html) JK tyres in North America In Mexican based company Tornel, JK tyre bought 100% stake. By this move JK tyre got access in the markets Of US along with this company can entered into the markets of South America. Tornel has total three manufacturing units with total capacity of 6.6.Million tyres per annum (https://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=319837) Technology at JK tyres Error proof Computer Aided Design Analysis JK tyres use updated tools and techniques which help them to figure outand annihilate failure at the drawing board only. World class manufacturing on Automatic Machines Manufacturing of radials is done at air-conditioned plant fitted with the finest machinery to provide customer consistent good quality. Rigorous Testing Before the JK tyres reach the market it has to go through tough validation tests, both indoor and outdoor. Jk is one of the few companies that test their tyre so rigorously. Network of JK tyre Marketing Steel Wheels With the objective of meeting customer demand s and bringing best products and services form the customers, JK tyre established franchised chain nationwide retiled outlets as JK tyre steel wheels. It is considered to be one stop solution for the problems of and requirements of tyres and their services. In these they provide facilities like computerized wheel alignment, automated tyre changing, wheel balancing, air care, tyre rotation with the high technology and trained personnel guidance. Dial-a-tyre JK tyre has started delivering the tyre at the customers door. With this JK trained technician will deliver and fit the tyres at a pre-appointed time. In this wheel changing, balancing, and alignment is including. This step is user friendly to make the customer comfortable and for his convenience. AD-Campaigns JK tyre launched different types of ad campaigns to promote the product and the brand. The company publicized its product by placing its information in the media. Following are some of the ad-campaigns of JK tyres. Products JK tyre is leading manufacturer of tyres in India. It manufactures tyresfor entire segment of Truck/Bus, LCV, Passenger and Farms. Truck/ Bus-: JK Tyre is the leader in the segment of Truck/ Bus tyres. It has 70% market share in the truck and bus tyre segment. However this is very small sector Indian market but it is expected to grow in near future. They make Bias and radial types of tyres for this segment. LCV-: In LCV segment they manufacturer such type of tyres and this they provide Bias and Radial. JK is the second largestmarket share . Corporate social responsibility initiative by JK tyres J.K tyre believes that they get numerous inputs from the society, it adds value to these and offers the needed products and services to public at large. The profit which company makes is the enhancement by the public for value added. The purpose of CSR is enhance the government efforts by helping the citizen of the country, with which they can lead life which is prosperous, healthy, happy and more meaningful. It is believed that it is not only the job of the government to do the needful to the extent needed. Thats where the role of corporate citizen comes. In fact, it is helping ourselves because inputs and outputs comes from society and go back to society. So it is long run. J.K tyre and Industries undertook three major initiatives, 2004 onwards, as per deliberation in the central HRD Committee, presided over by Shri Hari Shankar Singhania, where all presidents and all time directors are members. Adult Literacy In 1950 the condition of china and indiawas same i.e 18% of literacy. If the so huge population is illetrate then it is very difficult to imagine society making scientific progress and citizen leading purposeful and meaningful lives. From1950 there has been progress in this issue. China has got illiteracy 95% but our country got stuck at65%. Looking at this J.K group took initiative, startedin may 2004has made 6900 citizens of the country literate. Today, another 700 are participating in learning session in 30 groups at 10 different locationsin different six local languages viz. Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Oriya, Gujarati Hindi, under the guidance of our plants local management. The company has target for the year 2009 which 3000 plus.The various place where classes are taken are J Central Pulp Mills at Songadh in Gujarat], Lakshmi Cement in Sirohi Rajasthan, J K sugar nr. Barielly, Fenner [ Hyderabad Madurai], J K agri in Hyderabad. For this company use the software developed by M/s TCS at the locations. The photograph shows a class in progress in a village near Hyderabad, organized by J K agri.K Tyre [ Banmore nr. Gwalior, Vikrant in Mysore, Kankroli in Rajasthan], J K paper [Rayagada in Orissa Prevention Of Hiv / Aids : Focus on Outside Community Mainly truckers and their helpers who are highly attacked by the disease HIV/AIDS. Looking at this scenario J.K tyre started in November 2005, and is supporting three clinics in situated at National Highway at Indore, Dhanbad, and Vishwa karma Nagar. J K Tyre supports the work being done by Melinda Bill Gates Foundation in collaboration with TCI Foundation. Awareness is the main objective of the project so that people should use preventive measures. In Infotainment Melaswhich are held near the clinics company also participate , in these melas entertainment is combined with spreading message. Despite of 3 clinics run by TCI foundation and supported by JK tyre , one clinic named JEEVAN KIRAN which is fully financed by JK tyre has been opened in Nov 2007 at Transport Nagar, Jaipur and 2nd clinic at shahpura on NH-8, which 70 Km short of Jaipur on way from Delhi on 25th May 2008. Its day-to-day operations are controlled and managed by NGO called, Vatsalya. Till now , in all five clinics more than 39000 persons have been attended to for ailments, of which 9590 were treatedfor STIs [sexually transmitted infection] and rest for general ailments. Suspected cases werereferred to government centres. Prevention Of Hiv / Aids : Inhouse , Focus on Our Employees JAN 2008 = MOU signed ; between ILO [Internationaal Labour Organization] for helping us in this endeavour ; also a 2 hr presentation was made to group of Sr executives by ILO. March 2008 = J K TYre HIV /AIDS POLICY was announced has been widely disseminated. Four pillars of this policy are : AWARENESS, NON-DISCRIMINATION, CONFIDENTIALTY CPOLLABORATION. APRIL 2008 = among employees a survey was carried out at all the location to assess the level of knowledge on the subject by an outside agency. MAY 2008 = among the employees training of 31 master trainersby ILD took place who will address the other employees for 2 hour awareness session at all location. By the starting of July 2008, approximately 7000 employees took part in the2 hour awareness program addressed by the Master trainers/Peer Trainersand this was highly appreciated by the workers and unions. HIV / AIDS, As additional initiative in 2008 for Observing WORLD AIDS DAY ON 1stDecember 2008 Company joinedTCI foundation in observing the WORLD AIDS DAY at 13 locations across India [Delhi, Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Agra, Varanasi, Jaipur, Indore, Nagpur, Pune, Dhandbad, Jamshedpur, Hyderabad, Bangalore] The function called Truckers Utsav was attended by 22000 truckers which combined awareness generationwith entertainment. Many invitations went out in transport community with J.K tyre logo. JK tyre also facilitates their products and banners and speaks few minutes about the company on the mike. (https://www.jktyre.com/corporate-social-responsibility.html) What is tyre? Review of literature What is Tyre? A tyre is just black and round with hole in the middle. Actually, its a complex piece of high technology that is essential for the passenger safety and the efficient running of the vehicle. Its a composite product. A tyre is a composite product that is, an inseparable assembly of materials with very different properties, whose manufacture demands great precision. (https://www.michelin.co.uk/michelinuk/en/car-van-44/what-tyre/20070301111326.html) Structure of Tyre Tread is that part of which comes into contact with road. It provides high grip, longer life durabilityand protects carcass. Steel belt also protects carcass and provides stiffness to tread. The work Spiral layer contributes to high durability and manoeuvrability. Shoulder being thickest part of the tyre it saves the carcass from outer shocks and damages. Side wall being most flexible protect the carcass and provides comfortable ride to the driver. Main body of the tyre is ply cord, its that which manages inflation pressures and endures load and road shocks. Bead filler contributes in the high durability as well as manoeuvrability. A bead wire is that part which hold tyre on rim. Heat generated due abrasion of bead and rim flange id protected by chafer. NOTE: Construction of tyre may vary with size and pattern. (https://www.bridgestone.co.in/tyre/tyreknowledge/radialtyre.asp) Maintenance of tyre Maintenance of tyres is very essential to obtain the best performance. Following steps should be followed for proper maintenance of tyres-: Proper tyre mounting and de-mounting New tube should be used with new tyre. It should be kept in mind that tyre and tube are of same brand. Combination of tyre and rim should always be correct. Rim should be dirt and rust free and no bend should be there on the rim. It should check that rim valve is smooth and round. Before the tube is placed in the tyre, it should be cleaned the properly. Mounting machines should used as much as possible and use of hammers and chisel should be avoided. Ensure that before mounting and de-mounting tyre beads are lubricated. Before inflating the tyre, ensure that tyre beads are seating correctly on rim or not. Tyre balancing An un-balanced tyre may cause vibration. So it is very important. Balancingof tyre should be done under following circumstances-: When vehicle covers 5000 Km If vehicle is coming across any vibration Mounting/de-mounting Tyre rotation Tyres must be rotated if any defect is found or vehicle have covered the distance of 5000 Km. First tyrerotation is very important as it sets stage for long and even for tyre wear. Wheel alignment Proper wheel alignment should be maintained of the vehicle. It should done when ever required or after every 5000 Km. Daily tyre check Every morning before starting the vehicle, tyres should be properly checked. If the damages are exposed in the tyre, it should be changed. Remove the entrapped stones and nails from the tyre. Tyre change When tread wear indicator (1.6mm height) is exposed it should be replaced by the new tyre. Inflation pressure maintenance Ensure that inflation pressure is maintained as per guided by the vehicle manufacturer. Check the inflation pressure when the tyre is cold. New tyres have tendency of expanding which increases inner pressure so new tyres should be checked after 3000 km. Inflation pressure of the spare tyre should be kept higher and at the time use must bring at recommended pressure. Air leakage should be checked and lost valve should be replaced, and valve core should be renewed. (https://www.bridgestone.co.in/tyre/tyrecare/tyrecare.asp) Given below are the various conditions of tyres in different stages of inflation: UNDER INFLATION PROPER INFLATION OVER INFLATION (https://www.falcontyres.com/tyremaintenance.php) Tyre Industry International Scenario Global tyre is very large its turnover is $130 billion in 2007. It employs more than 600,000 people directly or indirectly.( https://www.worldtirereport.com/) Worldwide tyre industry is dominated by half a dozen prominent players . Following table show the share of each prominent player. Companies Market share (%) Michelin 19.4 Bridgestone 19.4 Goodyear 16.6 Continental 7.1 Sumitomo 4.9 Pirelli 3.9 Yokohama 3.5 Kumho 1.7 Others 23.5 Adapted from Financial Times Worldwide Sales of Tyres Mn nos. Cars % of total Truck % of total Total % of total OEM 217.7 31.10 50.6 20.3 268 28.3 Replacement 482.4 68.90 198.2 79.7 681 71.7 Total 700.1 100.00 248.8 100.0 949 100.0 Adapted from Financial Times The prominent feature which comes out from the table is the major tyres sales is from replacement market. However, some recent trends in new vehicle manufacturing will go to help the OEM segment. World over the time needed to bring a car from the drawing board stage to the market place has shrunk from six to two years in the last decade. Today, tyres are being purpose-developed for each new model with technicians working alongside car suspension engineers. Secondly, new markets like India and China offer the world major tyre producers a large market to exploit. (https://www.indiainfoline.com/sect/tyre/ch06.html) Forecast of world tyre industry The world wide tyre market is expected to grow at compounded annual rate (CAR) ofmore than 3.0%. Europe represents the biggest markets with highest share of 29.5% of entire industry and OEMs shipments are expected at 415 million units, which constitutes 28.5% of market share. Asia-Pacific is rapidly flourishing OEM tyre market with CAGR of 6.85%in the period of 2001-2010. Global replacement market is projected to be 188 million in 2010 where as in OEM shipments for passenger cars is projected more than 293 million. (https://www.autoindustry.co.uk/news/19-03-08_5) Indian Tyre Industry Evolution of Indian Tyre Industry Dunlop Rubber ltd was the pioneer in Indian tyre industry by setting up in West Bengal in 1926 than it was followed by the MRF in 1946. Since, then Indian tyre industry grows rapidly. Tyre industry is directly correlated with Transportation industry and both rely on each other. Transport industry in India developed a lot with 10% increment each and every year with 870 billion ton of freight. Road constitutes 85% of the all freight movement and road network improved by 3.2 million Km in India. (https://www.fadaweb.com/indiantyresindustry.htm) Natural Rubber Industry In 2008-09 there was increment in the production of the Natural Rubber (NR) in the country in comparison of 2007-08 .it was found that production has increased to 865,500 tonnes to 825,345 in 2008-09 and growth of 4.7%. The consumption also increased in 2008-09 to 871,720 with a rate of 1.2% as compared to 2007-08 which was 861,455 tonnes. But auto sector showed lower of 2.5% in comparison of 7.2% of last year where as imports in current year were 81,545 tonnes. But imports last year were high than current year which was 86,394 tonnes according to data provided by directorate general of commercial, intelligence statistics. There was down fall found in the exports also which was 60,353 tonnes last year and in 2008-09 it was 46,926 tonnes. PRICE OF NATURAL RUBBER (Rupees perquintal) MonthYear RSS-5 RSS-4 RSS-3 Latex (60% drc) ISNR 20 SMR 20 Domestic International Domestic International Domestic International June 2008 12389 July 13180 August 13549 September 13284 October 8831 November 7413 December 6279 January 2009 February March April May June Industry Overview Indian tyre industry was shiny till FY08. The industry tonnage production recorded a 5 CAGR of 8.02% between FY03-08. In this period truck bus tyres recorded 5.90% whilst light commercial vehicle (LCV), motorcycle, and car tyre grew by 13.34%, 12.27%and 13.98% respectively. In FY09 due to economic slowdown in general, there was decline in automobile industry and tyre demand was also affected. In first nine months tonnage growth decline to 2.19% which was 7.38% in the same period. The tyre demands by Original Equipments Manufactures reduced by 6.17%where as Truck bus tyres demand was least affected, as it diminished by 0.01%. But the major affect was faced by exports as it depreciated by 9.82% in that duration. Due to demand pressures, there was found adjustments in the production by all dominant players. The government too gave the stimulus to the industry bringing down the excise duty of 6% which was earlier 14% then reduced to 10% on 7 December, 2008 the further reduction of 2% on 25 February 2009. Inthedarkness, reduction in raw material price has been like silver lining for the industry. (https://www.prlog.org/10202260-indian-tyre-industry-expected-to-grow-at-cagr-of-821-till-fy13.html) Indian tyre industry is highly stuffed as few dominant players with four ruling companiescovers the 77% of market share. The industry is raw material concentrated with raw material composed of 55% of the sales turnover and 70% of production cost, of which rubber accounts the major share of the material cost. The major consumption is natural rubber smoked sheets and technically specified natural rubber (TSNR) which constitutes 42%of raw material cost of tyres. Replacement market is main growth driver as it constitutes 48.70% of market and then it is followed by the Original equipment manufacturers with the market share of 42.80% exports accounts 8.50%. As sustained growth of GDP of more than 8% there has been increase in the demand OEMs. The Indian tyre industry has perceived a CAGR of 7.7% over the last decade. Primarily tyre industry demand depends upon factors like GDP growth, agriculture, industrial production and growth in vehicle demand. Some secondary factors like infrastructure development and interest rates. Primary and secondary factors had favoured the industry only factors of worry are rising automobile rate interest and increased rubber price. According to the Indian federation of Tyre makers, car tyre production in the march 2007 was 14.26 million as compare Bus Truck tyres which was 12.4 million. The largest segment was the two wheeler segment which amounts 35.7 million tyres in that year. Now India produces more car tyres as compare to truck tyres .production of truck tyres is increasing at CAGR of 4% but at the same time car tyre is increasing at 14%annually. Researchers believes that car sales have increased in last few years so it will need replacement, so solid growth is expected in near future. In April 2006 prices of tyres increased the reason according to the report was offset increase in the price of raw material but the real reason isindian manufacturers were not able fulfil the demand of the market. In last two years, manufacturers are running their factories on 90% capacity and sales have grown strongly. (https://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=5hid=102[emailprotected]/* */bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bthAN=26414771) Demand and supply gap The demand for the tyre is either in the domestic or in the export market. As far asdomestic market is concerned, the OEMs and replace market are likely to witness strong growth, given the current performance of the automotive sector. Given the strong linkages of tyre industry with automotive industry, its demand is likely to be increase over the shortto medium term. A for the export market demand, outlook is positiveeven thoughsomedownsides remain. As regards supply of tyres, currently the major players are in the process of expanding their capacities, in anticipation of uptrend in sales. For instance Apollo tyres has set up a joint venture with Michelin for manufacture and sales of bus truck tyres radials. J.K is expanding truck and bus radial facility with eyeing acquisition of smaller units. Ceat increased its capacity 3 times from Pirelli. However a characteristics of Indian tyre industry is that most of the tyre manufacturers in the past hasincreased capacity in the anticipation of surge demand but when it did not materialise, they reduce their addition capacity. Thus, the demand supply gap is likely to be important issue for the Indian tyre industry over the short to medium term. Raw Material Tyre industry is highly raw material intensive because its raw material constitutes about 62% of tyre industry turn over and 70%production cost. Tyre industry is the main consumer natural as it consumes up-to 57% of the total production, and rest of the production by non tyre industries. Total cost and raw material consumed by the industry is Rs12500 crores and 13.39 lakh M.T. respectively. Given below is the composition of raw-materials as a percentage (%) of Total Raw Material Cost: Natural Rubber 41% Nylon Tyre Cord Fabric 18% Carbon Black 10% Rubber Chemicals 5% Butyl Rubber 5% PBR 6% SBR 5% Others 10% Raw Material Availability There is no production of Butyl rubber, Polyester Tyre Cord and Styrene Butadiene rubber oftyres in the country . Insufficient production of the Nylon tyre cord Fabric , , Polybutadiene Rubber, Rubber Chemicals, Steal Tyre Cord. Following are the factors on which industry imports depends-: Duty free imports only against export of tyres Multiple source of supply is requiredfor business strategy Domestic demand not sufficient to meetcompleterequirement (https://www.atmaindia.org/Overview.htm) Carbon Black The entire consumption in India of carbon black is 4, 50,000 tonnes along with 100,000 is exported. the main manufacturers of carbonblack in the country are Phillips Carbon Black Ltd with capacity of 2,70,000 Aditya Birla Nuvo with capacity of 1,70,000 Continentalwith the capacity of60,000 Cabot with annual capacity of 50,000 Ralson with the annual capacity of 15,000 (https://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=5hid=102[emailprotected]/* */bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bthAN=26414771) Increasing Radialisation in India The tyre industry is nowchanged toradial tyres. The nylon cords had been replaced by cotton ply which given addition strength.Rate of radialisation is an index status of road development. Despite of several advantages radialisation in India did not catch, it was due to Indian roads or older vehicles did not have suitable geometryforfitment of radial tyres. But now in recent years scenario have changed, in passenger car tyre segment have crossed 85% and is expected to cross 95%in following two years where as in medium and heavy vehicle it has gone up-to 2% and that in LCV is expected at 10%. Imports of tyres and its Impact on the Industry Due to agreement signed by India in Bangkok with ASEAN countries in October, 2003 have imposed extereme threat to Indian tyre industry, by providing custom duty down by 5%. This lead to cheaper imports of tyre from China, South korea, Japan, Thailandand Indonesia. Their price is 25%less than Indian truck/LCV tyres. (https://in.biz.yahoo.com/prebudget_tyre_industry.html) Imports of tyre had been 10% in FY2008 and were more than 90%was imported from china.Even though anti-dumping duty has been imposed on Chinese TB radial, beyond this industry interested on custom duty relief on raw material which is not available /manufactured in the country so that they can match with Chinese tyres. (https://www.prlog.org/10202260-indian-tyre-industry-expected-to-grow-at-cagr-of-821-till-fy13.html) Government Policies Due economic slowdown tyre industry was heavily affected, net profits reduced to 0.96% inFY09 as compared to 4.84% during last year. (https://business.rediff.com/special/2009/jun/29/budget09-tyres-cut-customs-duty-on-inputs.htm) Trade Policy Tyres Raw Materials Each and every tyre can be exported freely Except Truck Bus all tyres are allowed to import freely WTO do not have any bound rates on tyres and tubes Except Carbon Black, all raw material needed for the production of tyres is allowed to import freely. CustomDuties : Tyres Normal rate of Basic Customs Duty (MFN) 10% Preferential/ concessional Customs Duty underTrade Agreements *Asian Pacific Trade Agreement (formerly known as Bangkok Agreement 8.60% *Indo Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement Nil *SAPTA ( SAARCPreferential Trading Agreement) Nil 5%** *India Singapore Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) 2.5% For details please refers to Preferential Tariff Table for Tyres/ Raw-Materials of Tyre Industry (Ref. Section on RTAs) Excise Duty:Tyres All categories of Tyres 14% Bangladesh, Bhutain, Maldivies and Nepal. ** When import from Pakistan and Sri Lanka. (https://www.atmaindia.org/Tax.htm) The recent government policies has also not brought such relief. Major issues like high import duty on raw material, ban in import of used tyres, lack of exemption in import duty of steel and polyester tyre cords (currently being imported) and imports of tyres from South korea at lower duty is not solved. (https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4023) Custom duty on natural rubber being (principal raw-material) being 20% which makes the 42% of the cost of the tyre and import duty on tyres (finished products) @10% has disappointed the manufacturers. Manufacturers assume that trend will diminish the exports of tyre from India and increase in the imports. Automotive production 2008 Production flash report for March 2008 Category Segment/Subsegment Manufacturer. Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 A: No of seats not over 6 A1: Mini Maruti Udyog 3815 8133 5275 6060 6256 7550 6634 7030 A2: Compact Fiat India 417 450 369 448 585 647 379 457 General Motors 3518 3576 3514 3165 2541 2686 3352 2851 Hyundai Motor 24965 35426 33325 30471 35272 41663 42020 37074 Maruti Udyog 50906 48022 44867 45914 35200 45654 39241 46354 Tata Motors 16083 14548 10971 13097 12411 11529 10636 11017 Total 95889 102022 93046 93095 86009 102179 95628 97753 A3: Mid-size Fiat India 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ford India * 2932 2342 1067 669 3870 2349 1957 1751 General Motors 645 503 349 280 308 337 283 538 Hindustan Motors 920 1150 913 813 780 576 529 687 Honda Siel Cars 5150 4592 3077 1575 2802 2220 3322 2090 Hyundai Motor 2650 5936 6770 5495 6128 5900 6285 5711 Maruti Udyog 2791 6911 4812 5476 5225 6992 5377 6500 Tata Motors 2579 3343 1401 1148 1568 1468 1082 1666 Total 17667 24777 18389 15456 20681 19842 18835 18943 A4: Executive DaimlerChrysler 197 268 0 0 General Motors 342 1984 381 309 444 477 613 517 Hyundai Motor 0 228 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hindustan Motors SkodaAuto India 894 1226 1316 1388 1282 1212 961 251 Toyota Kirloskar 500 647 423 365 168 74 1605 2171 Total 1933 4353 2120 2062 1894 1763 3179 2939 A5: Premium DaimlerChrysler 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ford India Honda Siel Cars 6 20 0 751 710 485 597 632 Hyundai Motor 1 10 45 70 45 26 7 16 Toyota Kirloskar 0 0 108 90 85 0 0 0 Total 7 30 153 911 840 511 604 648 A6: Luxury DaimlerChrysler 69 63 60 61 0 0 0 0 Total A 119380 139378 119043 117645 115680 131845 124880 127313 Utility Vehicles B: Max. Mass upto 3.5 tn B1(a): No of Seats not over 7 Bajaj Tempo 0 8 7 2 4 5 1 1 Ford India 407 453 329 200 316 317 252 259 General Motors 921 718 606 641 589 714 421 739 Hindustan Motors 110 201 165 201 165 190 203 138 Honda Siel Cars India 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hyundai Motor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MM 6235 6293 0 6731 5793 6248 5044 0 Maruti Udyog 0 Tata Motors 4254 3941 2446 2242 2039 1925 1793 1262 Toyota Kirloskar 1684 2316 1994 1585 1923 2087 1580 1653 Total 13611 13930 5547 11602 10829 11486 9294 4052 (b): No of seats over 7 (M1 (B2)) but not over 9 Bajaj Tempo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 General Motors 163 252 153 182 143 140 145 163 MM 2839 2576 2584 2886 2246 1950 1555 2403 Maruti Udyog 244 170 546 771 690 Tata Motors 497 223 1425 1560 923 0 150 256 Total 2123 2802 2678 2355 2667 2800 2223 2109 Total B1 5866 6023 7386 7754 5979 4890 4073 5621 19477 19953 12933 19356 16808 16376 13367 9673 B2: Max mass upto 5 tonnes (a) No of seats not over 13 Bajaj Tempo 834 819 607 625 497 567 457 287 General Motors 707 830 918 855 622 704 555 540 Hindustan Motors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MM 895 413 895 1214 700 948 942 0 Tata Motors 1356 1704 1342 1178 892 1051 1309 761 Toyota Kirloskar Total 3792 3766 3762 3872 2711 3270 3263 1588 Total B(Utility vehicles) 23269 23719 16695 23228 19519 19646 16630 11261 (https://www.fadaweb.com/production.asp) Total sales of year 2008 Domestic Sales flash report for 2008 Category Segment/Subsegment Manufacturer. Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 A: No of seats not over 6 A1: Mini Maruti Udyog 5470 6353 4458 6830 5361 4953 3717 3467 A2: Compact Fiat India 316 450 400 461 550 403 352 243 General Motors 3424 3416 2687 3086 2218 3866 3660 2876 Hyundai Motor 21114 25704 18771 21242 18114 12139 18274 18840 Maruti Udyog 45957 41869 43121 44539 37767 34795 37667 45621 Tata Motors 12360 13042 7430 9686 8560 7525 7756 8598 Total 83171 84481 72409 79014 67209 58728 67709 76178 A3: Mid-size Fiat India 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ford India * 2047 2576 1685 1505 2871 1740 1496 1839 General Motors 389 570 331 378 349 205 273 336 Hindustan Motors 947 1310 966 810 709 597 555 703 Honda Siel Cars 5801 6492 1981 2375 2491 2948 2763 1933 Hyundai Motor 3156 3645 2668 3209 3716 2893 3296 3453 Maruti Udyog 2939 7536 4187 5946 5807 6009 5427 7413 Tata Motors 2901 5135 3763 4542 4747 4487 4460 4667 Total 18180 27264 15581 18765 20690 18879 18270 20344 A4: Executive DaimlerChrysler 231 710 0 0 General Motors 217 2074 393 383 457 344 410 384 Hyundai Motor 1 225 3 14 0 1 0 0 Hindustan Motors SkodaAuto India 839 1284 953 1025 1026 830 520 691 Toyota Kirloskar 480 790 438 301 257 71 0 3424 Total 1768 5083 1787 1723 1740 1246 930 4499 A5: Premium DaimlerChrysler 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ford India Honda Siel Cars 46 37 0 544 844 510 460 372 Hyundai Motor 25 165 50 41 47 28 37 14 Toyota Kirloskar 73 87 79 61 42 27 88 53 Total 216 289 129 646 933 565 585 439 A6: Luxury DaimlerChrysler 54 101 33 57 0 0 0 0 Total A 108859 123571 94397 107035 95933 84371 91211 104927 Utility Vehicles B: Max. Mass upto 3.5 tn B1(a): No of Seats not over 7 Bajaj Tempo 1 2 8 5 3 3 1 2 Ford India 366 392 297 282 289 265 269 248 General Motors 695 1008 1044 924 916 781 932 812 Hindustan Motors 148 242 194 211 192 204 221 143 Honda Siel Cars India 269 329 272 273 294 331 129 127 Hyundai Motor 5 5 9 4 4 5 3 4 MM 6868 7083 0 6036 5218 4327 4937 0 Maruti Udyog 45 Tata Motors 3081 3447 1703 2405 2099 1901 1695 1838 Toyota Kirloskar 1657 2722 1902 1678 1931 1808 1715 1493 Total 13135 15230 5429 11818 10946 9625 9902 4667 (b): No of seats over 7 (M1 (B2)) but not over 9 Bajaj Tempo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 General Motors 97 215 223 181 132 109 120 131 MM 2769 3109 2872 2185 2000 1680 1814 2273 Maruti Udyog 187 585 31 673 746 Tata Motors 302 1019 965 1329 743 0 555 403 Toyota Kirloskar 2222 3513 2629 2383 2608 2468 2355 1858 Total 5577 8441 6720 6751 5483 4257 4844 5411 Total B1 18712 23671 12149 18569 16429 13882 14746 10078 (https://www.fadaweb.com/domesticsales.asp) Threat of Substitute Increasing In FY2008,1.4 lakh tyres were imported every month. However reduction of custom duty and the import of tyres will increase. High Bargaining Powers of Buyers In tyre industry OEMs have total control on price .In fact; OEMs faced with declining profitability have reduced the number of component suppliers to make the supply chain more efficient. Objectives To identify the factors that influences the customers in tyre industry. To determine mind share and heart share. To compare the performance of the major market players with respect to their 4Ps. To determine position strategy. Research Methodology Every project work requires research, successful completion of any project and getting the genuine result s from that depends upon the research methods used by researcher. The whole research process used by us is as follows-: 1.Problem Formulation 2.Research Design 3.Sample Design 4.Source of Data I.Primary Source of Data II.Secondary Source of Data 5.Collection of Data 6.Analysis of Data 7.Interpretation of Data 8.Project Report and Writing Research Research can be defined as a careful investigation or inquiry especially through search of new facts in any branch of knowledge. Redman and Mary defines researchas a systematized effort to gain new knowledge. Market Research Market research is the systematized gathering, recording and analysis of data about marketing problems to facilitate decision-making. Marketing research is the systematic, design, collection, analysis and reporting of data and finding relevant to specific market situation facing the company. Types of Market Research Market research is now placed under the control of some staff executives to provide adequate information to the line management. In these days of specialisation numerous ways of marketing research is adopted. Five major types of marketing research with several sub types are as follows-: Marketing Performance Research Product Research Promotion Research Distribution Research Pricing Research Methods of Data Collection The key for use system is the selection of the method for collecting data and linking it to analysis and decision issue of action to be taken. The accuracy of collecting data is of great importancefor drawing correct and valid conclusions from the detailed investigations. Primary Data-: the primary data are those which are collected for fresh and for the first time and thus happen to be original in character. There are several methods of collecting primary data, particularly in survey and descriptive researches. Some important methods are as followings-: Observation Method InterviewMethod Questionnaire Schedules Secondary Data Secondary data are used means that are already available i.e they refer to the data which already been collected and analyzed by someone else and which have already been passed through the statistical process. Secondary data may be either publishes or unpublished. Collection of Data through Questionnaire This method of data collection is quite popular, particularly in case of big enquiries. It is adopted by private individuals research workers, private and public organization and even by the government. In this method questionnaire is sent to the person concerned with request to answer question and return the questionnaire. A questionnaire consists of number of questions printed, typed in definite order or form or set of forms. The respondents have answer the question on their own Collection of Data through Observation We also use the observation method for the purpose of data collection. In this method we have taken sample of500 vehicle models like Hyundai, Mitsubishi, Skoda, Maruti, Mahindra Mahindra etc. Through our personal observation we have observed the tyre used in the above models and presented them graphically. These observations were done in the various parts New Delhi.

Child Rearing The Wonder Years - 1004 Words

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My descriptive essay on the festival coney island free essay sample

It wows my mind that sometimes in the past someone innovative thinking as so great that they were able to create such terrifying machines that would cause people to enjoy themselves so much. For me, it is that thrill and rush Of adrenaline that COUrses through me while I am in one Of those rides that keeps me coming back every year to the festival village just to enjoy the Coney island. In my many experience I have had the pleasure of riding the go carts, the roundup, the hammer and lastly the Ferris wheel which is the most terrifying one of all.The look of that big monstrous looming wheels spinning round and round. It was huge and noisy. Even the sound of its engine brings o mind a film from the horror movies. The screams of the could be heard from the very tip. They hold on for their life and when it reaches to the ground you can see scared look on their faces. We will write a custom essay sample on My descriptive essay on the festival coney island or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They cant wait for the ride to come to an end. My first ride on the Ferris wheel gave me an instant rush of adrenaline. I felt the hairs on my body raised, as the death defying ride begins.I could feel the bile rising deep within me reaching to my throat, feel an instant need to puke, when the ride begins, I hold on to the handle as it gain speed, I feel so numb like I am in an out of body experience then I find y voice and scream out, my eye fills with water and can only hope it come to an end soon. Over and over it rotates, it does a dramatic pause to the top and when it begins to descend I feel a little bit of confidence but as it climb back up again am yet again back to my scared ways, the assault on my stomach begins all over again. Just when I feel my body cant take it anymore, it continues to rotate, I begin to think happy thought and each time it reaches near as if its about to touch the ground I gain some confidence and then it is time for the ride to end. No more screaming and no more adrenaline rush rousing through my body. I swing the open and hopped out , my legs quite wobble, I look back to see the lines getting longer and more people just waiting for their turn to experience the thrill.I looked back at this monstrosity and knew I was hooked. My fascination for the Ferris wheel had just begin. Every year around carnival time the trip to the village just to ride the Ferris wheel never gets tiring. As I get older and older, but the thrill of riding the Ferris wheel still remain the same, still feel scared, I still scream as it rotates the adrenaline still course through me as ride this death defying machine.

Philippine Education Essays - Philippine Culture, Filipino People

Philippine Education Philippines, republic in the western Pacific Ocean, made up of the Philippine Islands and forming in physical geography a part of the Malay Archipelago. Situated about 1210 km (about 750 mi.) east of the coast of Vietnam, the Philippines is separated from Taiwan on the north by the Bashi Channel. The republic is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea, on the south by the Celebes Sea, and on the west by the South China Sea. The country comprises about 7100 islands, of which only about 460 are more than 2.6 sq. km (more than 1 sq. mi.) in area. Eleven islands have an area of more than 2590 sq. km (more than 1000 sq. mi.) each and contain the bulk of the population. These islands are Luzon, Mindanao, Samar, Negros, Palawan, Panay, Mindoro, Leyte, Cebu, Bohol, and Masbate. The total area of the Philippines is about 300,000 sq. km (about 115,830 sq. mi.). Manila is the capital and largest city of the Philippines. This geographical condition of the Philippines made it very accessible and very easy to penetrate by foreign people. THE FILIPINO CHARACTER It may be said that the Filipinos are intelligent, with retentive memory, quick perception, and talents for art and science. They also are gentle, friend] y, and cheerful people, noted for their courtesy and hospitality. Filipinos are famous not only for their warm hospitality, but also for their close family ties. The parents work hard and sacrifice much for their children; in return, the children love and respect them and take good care of them in their old age. Filipinos owing to their beautiful country are passionately romantic. They are ardent in love, as they are fierce in battle. They are born poets, musicians and artists. Filipinos are a liberty-loving and brave people. They valiantly resisted the Spanish, American and Japanese invaders of their native land. They rank among the bravest people of the world. Filipino courage has been proven in the Battle of Mactan (1521), in the Battle of Tirad Pass (1899), in the battle of Bataan, Corregidor, Bessang Pass during World War II, and in many other battlefields. Gratitude is another sterling trait of the Filipinos. They are grateful to those who have granted them favors of who are good to them. Their high sense of gratitude is expressed in the phrase Utang na loob (debt of honor). Filipinos are cooperative. They value the virtue of helping each other and other people. They cherish the ancestral trait of bayanihan, which means cooperation. In rural areas, when a man is building, repairing or transferring a house to another place, the neighbors come to help him. Foreign writers assert that the Filipinos are indolent. In reality they work hard in the face of very adverse conditions. They work on the farms from sunrise to sunset, though not from noon to 3 p.m. due to the scorching heat. They work hard in the sugarcane and pineapple plantations in Hawaii, the fruit orchards of California, the fish canneries of Alaska, and in the oil wells of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and other Arab countries of the Middle East. Finally, the Filipinos are noted for their durability and resiliency. Through the ages they have met all kinds of calamities--revolts, revolutions, wars, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, typhoons and epidemics. Unlike the Polynesians of Oceania and the Indians of North Central and South Americas, they did not vanish by contact with the white race. They can assimilate any civilization and thrive in any climate. Against the adversities of life or nature, they merely bend, but never break. They possess the formidable durability of the narra tree and the resiliency of the bamboo. BODY TEXT FILIPINO HISTORY, CULTURE AND HERITAGE EMERGENCE OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE: Philippine history has often been described as an amalgam of regional developments and outside influences. Excavations in archeological sites have proven that during prehistoric times, the native Negritos came in contact with Malays and Indonesians who left their ancestral home in Southeast Asia by crossing the seas in their sailboats (balangay), and settled the Philippine archipelago. Inter-racial marriages took place among them and out of these racial mixtures emerged the Filipino people. The early Filipino Malay ancestors brought with them their culture--food and drinks, community life, government and laws, language and literature, religion, customs and traditions and arts and sciences. They left their cultures to their descendants, as the Filipino Malayan inheritance. In the course of the centuries, long before the Spaniards colonized the Philippines in the 16th century; the native Filipinos came in contact (by commerce)

Cookies essays

Cookies essays Cookies and doughnuts are both yummy treats, but they also have their advantages and disadvantages. Cookies for instance can be produces with relative ease in any kitchen using flour, water, sugar and eggs. Doughnuts on the other hand are not usually made at home, hence all of the doughnut shops. This is one disadvantage to doughnuts; they are relatively difficult to produce. Doughnuts are made from the same ingredients as cookies, but they also have east in them to give them a more beadlike quality than unleavened cookies. Cookies are traditionally made by combining the ingredients listed and adding something like chocolate or nuts. The cookies are then baked at around 375 degrees for about eight minutes or until they are golden brown. They are then allowed to cool and then they are served. Doughnuts are not as simple as coolies. The dough must be prepared using flour, water, eggs, and then another ingredient; yeast, to add the tiny air pockets that make the dough rise and to make them so edible. After the dough has risen, it can be shaped into the familiar ring shape either by rolling it into snake-like portions or, more commonly, spreading the dough thickly over a flat surface using a device not unlike a cookie cutter. The popular doughnut shop, Krispy Kreme has developed a doughnut extrusion process that results in their distinctive rosette shape with curved vertical ridges on the sides. After the dough is shaped, it is cooked using hot oil or fat. This oil is at a much higher temperature than that used to bake cookies. The dough is then cooked to produce a golden-brown crust on the outside while still maintaining a soft core. Sugar may then be applied. This consists of little more than putting sugar and flavoring on the outside of the doughnut in the form of icing, powered sugar, or a glaze which is which is a shell of sugar coating the doughnut. Cake doughnuts are also produced this way using fewer eggs to give t ...

Traditional Marriage Has Outlasted Its Relevance Essays

Traditional Marriage Has Outlasted Its Relevance Essays Traditional Marriage Has Outlasted Its Relevance Essay Traditional Marriage Has Outlasted Its Relevance Essay Assignment:Persuasive Research Paper Plan Bible. com Ministries. Retrieved from bible. com/bibleanswers_result. php? id=256 Websters Revised Unabridged Dictionary. (1998, February). Marriage. Retrieved from merriam-webster. om/dictionary/marriage The ‘Lectric Law Library. (2012). Legal Definition of Marriage. Lectlaw. com. Retrieved from lectlaw. com/def2/m087. htm Samuel, E. , West, Elder. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Retrieved from mormonbeliefs. com/marriage%2C_sex%2C_adultery%2C_homosexuality. htm Waite, L. J. Lehrer, E. L. (2003), The Benefits from Marriage and Religion in the United States: A Comparative Analysis. Population and Development Review, 29:255-275. doi:10. 1111/j. 1728-4457. 2003. 00255.

FDI Mode of Internationalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

FDI Mode of Internationalization - Essay Example Tutor Signature: Date: Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Foreign market entry modes 4 FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) 4 Exporting 4 Licensing or Franchising 5 Circumstances under which FDI is beneficial over exporting 5 Circumstances under which FDI is beneficial over licensing or franchising 6 Conclusion 7 Introduction Organizations or firms that operate in the international market place are required to make decisions that are related to the mode of entry in the international market place or foreign market. The following paper includes the discussion about the factors and issues that are faced for making the choice of the mode of international market entry. The organizations needs to analyze the potential factors and issues that impact the organization by selecting a particular mode of going international. Mainly the mode of going international includes the FDI (Foreign Direct Investments), franchising or licensing and exporting. The paper includes the factors or circumstances under which the organizations must prefer to internationalize via foreign direct investment rather than the other modes of internationalizations. Foreign market entry modes The modes to enter the foreign market differs with the degree of risk they present, the level of control and the commitment of resources the mode of internationalization require and also the return on investment they provide. There are different modes through which organizations can internationalize their business this mainly includes FDI, franchising or licensing and exporting (Stiglitz 2006). Each mode has certain advantages and disadvantages, which needs to be evaluated before selecting a mode of internationalization for business. The whole entry mode is divided into equity modes and non equity modes. The equity modes include FDI’S, joint ventures etc, while the non equity modes include exporting, franchising, or licensing etc (Bakan 2007). FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) In simple terms F DI can be defined as the investment process where residents of one nation or country acquire ownership of assets of the firm in some other country or nation for the purpose of controlling interest in the production, distribution and other activities. It can also be said to be as the acquisition of lasting interest in a firm operating in an economy other than the home economy or of the investor in order to have a hold in the management of the enterprise (Ravenhill 2008). The major factors explained in the definitions above include controlling interest. So the main factor that is included for the use of the FDI as a source of international investment over other modes of internationalization is the element of control on the policies and decisions of management (Zekiri and Angelova 2011). Exporting Exporting in simple terms can be said to be as the process of selling of goods and products or services produced in domestic country to other country. Exporting is done in the form of direct and indirect exporting. In indirect exporting the products are sold in the original or modified form from one nation to another, while in direct exporting includes selling of products and services directly through the use of direct distribution channels (Mosa 2012). Licensing or Franchising Under the franchising internationalization mode the organizations sells limited rights to the franchisees to utilize the brand name of the organization in return for a lump sum amount of payment and also with the

Representative and Direct Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Representative and Direct Democracy - Essay Example These systems of governance have many things in common, but despite that, they also have varying differences. The work at hand includes the relevant points linked to the actual differences between representative democracy and direct democracy. In an organization, people are supposed to be encouraged to interact and take their role as integral components of everything that is taking place. In a democratic government, people in as much as possible will have to work out everything for their interest. Policy initiatives will have to be established by the people themselves. There is a form of democracy that allows every member of a group or a nation to take part of the actual decision-making process (Lewis, 2013, p.13). This is a relevant feature of a direct democracy. In this democracy, people, especially those who have right to suffrage are required to take part in the parliament and be part of the making of the law, for instance. This activity might be politically sound if only employed in a small organization, where there is only a considerable number of participating individuals. However, in the case of a country having thousands and millions of people in a population, it might take a longer period of time prior to achieving the actual decision, because everybody, especially those who have established their rights and privileges must be able to take part of the actual making of the law. In other words, it is hard to maintain direct democracy, especially if there is involvement of higher population (Breton, 1997, p.60). Direct democracy was evident in the ancient Athens where especially the free male Athenian citizens at the age of more than 20 had the right to be part of the Assembly (Hansen, 2005, p.45). It is clear that the good thing about direct democracy is its ability to give people the power to decide, especially in voting and choosing their leaders.

A Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free

A Christmas Carol Essay Children went to work as soon as they could in the industrial revolution if they were of the working class community. Many children never got an education, which Dickens believed was the only way out of poverty. There was little to do for leisure, and what was available was only really affordable for the rich, so the only affordable pleasure for the poor was sex, but as contraception wasnt available then, there was a very high birth rate resulting in thousands of children ending up in poverty. In 1839 almost half of the people who died in the UK were children under the age of ten. This was probably due to poor housing, too little food and accidents at work. If you failed to pay your bills in the Victorian era you were sent to a debtors prison or your family went to a workhouse where they would probably be split up. Then there was a greater gap between the rich and the poor. The rich knew very little about poverty and destitution and, in my opinion, thought themselves superior to the poor. Many people from the countryside went to the cities to find jobs but many lived in cheap accommodation with no running water or toilet. There werent any bin men so rubbish was thrown out onto the streets causing various diseases which was another reason for a high death rate. A Christmas Carol is about a tight-fisted, money-obsessed man called Ebenezer Scrooge. It begins with Scrooges long-term business partner, Jacob Marleys funeral. Seven years later on Christmas Eve the sign above Scrooges office still read Marley and Scrooge. Scrooges nephew visited him in his office and was full of Christmas spirit, he invited Scrooge to Christmas dinner. Scrooge called Christmas humbug and couldnt understand what he had to be merry about, What right have you to be merry? What reason have you to be merry? Youre poor enough. This is a fine example of how Scrooge only thinks of money and nothing else. As Scrooges nephew walked out, two charity workers came in. They asked him how much they could put him down to give to charity, Scrooge replied Are there no prisons? Are there no workhouses? The charity workers told him many would rather die. Scrooge then said coldly, If they would rather die, they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. This shows how cold-hearted Scrooge is. Bob Cratchet, Scrooges clarke, asked if he may have Christmas Day off but Scrooge was very reluctant to allow it. A poor excuse for picking a mans pocket every twenty-fifth of December! But he eventually gave him the day off. This being yet another example of how Scrooge is so money-obsessed. After that, Scrooge went home. As he was opening his front door a spirit appeared in the doorknocker, then disappeared. The same happened again but on his bedroom door handle. When he got into his bedroom he locked the door. Later, as he was eating his gruel, bells started to ring, the locks on the door opened and Marleys ghost appeared. He looked the same except for a few things. The chain he drew was clasped around his middle. It was long, and wound about him like a tail, and it was made (for Scrooge observed it closely) of cash-boxes, keys, padlocks, ledgers and deeds and heavy wrought steel. Marley warned Scrooge that three ghosts would haunt him. ghosts of Christmas past, present and future. And that listening to them was the only hope of escaping the same fate as Marley. When the bell tolled one, the ghost of Christmas past visited Scrooge and took him back to his old school where he spent a depressing Christmas. The spirit also showed him a Christmas party at where he used to be an apprentice, Scrooge saw himself enjoying Christmas. Afterwards he was taken to see the breakup of him and his only love, Belle. The reason for the breakup was that she believed Scrooge loved money more than her. The following night at the same time, the ghost of Christmas present visited Scrooge and showed him people in debtors prisons enjoying Christmas. He also viewed his nephews Christmas dinner; he saw him and all his guests enjoying it. Then he was taken to Bob Cratchets house and was shown his family enjoying a very meager Christmas dinner. Then the spirit predicted if the future events dont change then Tiny Tim, Bobs son whom is crippled, will die. Scrooge was then taken back to his own house but just before the spirit died it uttered these words, Are there no prisons? said the spirit, turning on him for the last time with his own words, Are there no workhouses? This scared Scrooge and made him realise how selfish hed been. On the last stroke of midnight the last ghost visited him. The ghost of Christmas future showed him a man who died. The mans business associates showed not one drop of remorse for his death and would only attend the funeral if there was free food on offer. Scrooge was then shown a chairwoman, laundress and undertaker stealing the mans possessions and selling them. Scrooge was then taken to the grave of the man who died, Scrooge crept towards it, trembling as he went, and following the finger, read upon the stone of the poor neglected grave his own name, Ebenezer Scrooge. This is the darkest point within the story, the tension builds up into desperation as Scrooge confronts his potential death and sees his life for the waste it could be if he didnt mend his ways. The next morning Scrooge awakes to find himself still alive and he is ecstatic. The first person he saw was a young boy and he got him to buy him the prize turkey in the butchers and got the butcher to deliver it to Bob Cratchets house anonymously. As Scrooge walked the streets in a happy manner he bumped into the two charity workers and made a big donation. He then went to his nephews Christmas dinner and the next day he gave Bob Cratchet a pay rise and promised to help his struggling family. Ebenezer Scrooge represents the affluent community of the Victorian era that Charles Dickens despised. Scrooge is the protagonist in A Christmas Carol. Scrooge only cares about money, but he is so obsessed that he never spends any, just counts it. His personality is miserly, selfish and self-centred. If he had his way Christmas would be banned as he believes there is no profit or gain in it, just a waste of time when he could be making money. This is how Dickens describes Scrooge: External heat and cold had little influence on Scrooge. No warmth could warm him, no wintry weather chill him. When his business partner Jacob Marley died he didnt even show any emotion, he didnt even consider him a friend although they worked together for many years. He didnt even replace the sign that said Marley and Scrooge after seven years after Marleys death. Scrooge didnt have any friends, just business associates. A Christmas Carol has a typical moral to it as there is a fight between good and evil where good triumphs. It also teaches people to be kind, considerate, live life to the full and be thankful for what theyve got. It also makes you think about the people in the poorer communities. The social intent of A Christmas Carol is to try and educate the rich of the lives of the poor and destitute. Also to make the rich aware of their responsibility to the poor. A Christmas Carol is a good supernatural story as it has a good moral plot which teaches us many lessons which are still relevant today.

Bilingual Education :: essays research papers

Imagine being brought up in a family speaking only one language for your entire life and then you had to move to a foreign land where the language is different. If you had a choice of progressively learning this new language over the course of six to nine years or being put into a classroom and have to virtually teach yourself the language by listening to others around you which would you choose? Late exit bilingual education is a more effective form of bilingual education compared to the English immersion form of bilingual education in the fact that there are more benefits and less adverse effects. There are many reasons why late exit bilingual education should be the choice of public schools everywhere with high minority populations. One of the effects of late exit bilingual education is that the students would be able to maintain their cultural background instead of having to give up one or the other. Language is a big part of a person’s culture. Late exit bilingual educatio n gives the non-English speaking students more time to master the English language which is not an easy language to learn in three years as the English immersion strategy teaches. The findings of the Ramirez team in 1991 evaluating the effectiveness of English immersion, early exit bilingual education, and late exit bilingual education further prove why late exit bilingual education is the one that needs to be used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To look at why keeping one’s culture is important one just needs to look at how and why this country was founded. The first Americans from England came here so they wouldn’t have to conform to everything the rulers of England wanted. Immigrants founded this country. One of the greatest things about the United States is that there are so many different types of cultures everywhere you look. It is true that one needs to learn the English language to be successful, but forcing one to give up his or her cultural background is going against everything this country stands for. English immersion does just that by forcing the student to give up his or her cultural background and language (Faltis 191). Late exit bilingual education allows the child to progress effectively through the educational system with the instruction given in English to the extent to make this possible (Schneider, 1976, p. 128.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To throw a student into a classroom that speaks a language that is not familiar to them and forcing them to adjust in three years like English immersion does is not fair to the student.

Bloom’s Research and Response

Bloom's Research and Response Bloom's Research and Response Benjamin Bloom developed Bloom’s Taxonomy of Education in 1956. It is a teaching system developed to classify learning objectives and skills (Larkin & Burton, 2008). Lori Anderson and David Krathwohl revised the original publication- Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational objectives and also added new knowledge and ideas to the original material. This is the handbook in use by educators today. The Educational objectives that Bloom developed he categorized into three domains: Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor.Each domain has its own set of specific expectations. Bloom broke down his taxonomy into different levels of complexity. They are arraigned in a hierarchy from less to more complex. When teaching, the educator will use the levels so that mastery of the first level is necessary by the learner before the next level can be achieved. The Cognitive Domain focuses on knowledge and developing the skills of comprehens ion, it also uses critical thinking skills. There are six levels of complexity in this Domain: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation.The Affective Domain focuses on how the learner deals with emotions and with his ability to feel empathy for others. Bloom broke down this domain into five levels: Receiving (awareness), Responding (active participation in the learning process), Valuing, Organization, and Internalizing (values held that influence a behavior so it becomes a characteristic). The third domain, the Psychomotor Domain was not broken down into subcategories by Bloom but by Simpson in 1972. The Psychomotor Domain focuses on the ability to manipulate an object physically.This domain has seven levels: Perception, Set (readiness to act), Guided Response, Mechanism, Complex Overt Response (the ability to perform without hesitation), Adaptation, and Origination. When used, Bloom’s Taxonomy will provide the educator with a measurable way to assess the level of comprehension of the taught information by the learner (â€Å"Big Dog and Little Dog’s Performance Juxtaposition,† 2010). Nurses can use Bloom’s teaching method in educating patients with chronic diseases. First the nurse must assess the patient for level of understanding and readiness to learn.The nurse uses the Cognitive Domain to teach the patient about his specific disease and to facilitate understanding of all concepts associated with the disease and its treatments. In following the hierarchy the nurse would start with the simplest information and ideas and increase the complexity of the information after the patient has exhibited comprehension of the previously taught material. Using the Affective Domain the nurse helps the patient deal with his emotions related to his diagnosis and to attach a value to it.Once a patient has processed the information given to him, realizes the importance of managing his care and placing a value on it s importance, he is ready to use the psychomotor domain. The educator uses the Psychomotor domain to teach the skills portion of education. Diabetics need to learn how to use blood glucose testing equipment; patients may need to learn how to self-catheterize these are just two examples of skills that nurses teach that fall under this domain. There are many areas of education a nurse teaches daily.One of which is the information given to patients with chronic diseases in order for them to achieve or maintain self-sufficiency. Bloom’s teaching method gives those patients the best chance at mastering the necessary information and skills needed to live day-to-day with a chronic illness. References Big Dog and Little Dog’s Performance Juxtaposition. (2010). Retrieved from http://www. nwlink. com/~donclark/hrd/bloom. html Larkin, B. G. , & Burton, K. J. (2008, September). Evaluating a Case Study Using Bloom’s Taxonomy of Education. AORN Journal, 88(3), 390-402

Ap Psych Free Response Essay

As the Smith-Garcias are planning for their baby, they have to decide which principles from each of the theories they have researched that they will practice. The first of these theories is Skinner’s Operant Conditioning in which an element of reinforcement and punishment is utilized to shape the child’s social and behavioral skills. It will be the parent’s job to reinforce wanted behavior and punish unwanted behavior. For example, if the child throws a temper tantrum, her parents might put her in time out to show that this type of behavior is not acceptable. The punishment therefore reinforces that if she acts this way again, she knows she will be placed in time out. Essentially the child learns from these reinforcements and punishments. The second principle is Bandura’s social learning theory which deals with vicarious reinforcement and vicarious punishment. Essentially the child will learn by observing others and is not affected directly. Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning which explains why his theory is rooted in the idea of observation. Overall There are three core concepts at the heart of social learning theory. First is the idea that people can learn through observation. Next is the idea that internal mental states are an essential part of this process. Finally, this theory recognizes that just because something has been learned, it does not mean that it will result in a change in behavior. To illustrate Bandura’s theory in their parenting style, the Smith-Garcia’s might provide a model for sharing or even increase sharing through vicarious reinforcement. The third theory they have studied is Ainsworth’s attachment research in which he addresses the idea of secure attachment, insecure attachment, and other such ideals. The idea is that securely attached children are more likely to perceive their primary caregiver as a secure base. This is illustrated in the fact that once this child is born, she will feel an emotional security and attachment to her parents who are her primary caregiver. She will feel most comfortable around them. An example of this would be if they were to promote secure attachment to increase self reliance. These behaviors may include nurturing, support, encouragement, and many more. The fourth and final theory they will address and practice is Baumrind’s research on parenting styles. In Baumrind’s research, he

China and the Hundred Days of Reform essays

China and the Hundred Days of Reform essays 1.) There have been numerous attempts to reform China in the late 19th century to build up China's strength and make it a world power once again. There have been many prestigious intellectuals and organizations that have attempted to do this. One of these intellectuals who had a great influence on other reformers was Yan Fu. Yan presented his ideas many people throughout China through his series of reform essays. Yan spoke of the foreign powers that invaded China and were controlling and changing the traditional Chinese way of life. Yan said that these changes to China were quite unfortunate but to cope with them and possibly overcome them, China must reform and modernize. This meant that China must learn from the westerners and borrow their ideas. Unfortunately, Yan was not much of an activist but Kang Youwei was. Kang and his colleagues, Tan Sitong and Liang Qichao spread their ideas of reform through study groups and journalism. These reformers wanted to make China modern without losing Chinese traditional culture. This meant as Yan said borrowing from abroad not only technology but from institutions and ideas as well. They wanted to change China from a monarchy to a republic. During the "Hundred Days of Reform," Kang and his followers, with the support of Emperor Guangxu, preached their ideas of reforming the examination system, remodeling the bureaucracy, and the modernization of China. Many of these reforms were implemented throughout Hunan. Just as Kang's efforts were beginning to pay off, reports of Kang influencing the emperor in an extremist manner were presented to the people of China. This only fueled the fire for the already present opposition to the emperor. This also paved the way for Empress Dowager to take over the throne. The emperor was put on house arrest for the remainder of his reign for conspiring with extremists. Empress Dowager sent all of the reform intellectuals into exile and Kang fled to Japan where he c...

Free Essays on Subcultures, Tatoo And Body Piercing

â€Å"SUBCULTURES† Subcultures are made up of people that come together and seek out others that share similar problems, views, and ideas. Groups form and then redefine ideas and challenge general society norms. Subcultures exist because some people find a need to have a distinct identity, the need to rebel, to seek acceptance, and to find something alternative to or in opposition to the dominate culture they live in. Finding a subculture to belong to might help people feel more in control and secure while coexisting in a more hectic dominate society. What makes your subculture a â€Å"subculture†? One of the cultural features in the body modification subculture is defining who you are by extreme piercing, tattooing, or marking your body with jewelry and symbols. People who take part in this subculture feel it shows a â€Å"social† presentation of themselves and their experiences. People choose to pierce or tattoo their bodies for many different reasons. Like peer influence, rebellion, and for others or â€Å"outsiders† to view them as different from the norm. In some cultures piercing and tattooing ones body is for tribal or spiritual markings. Some people get tattoos to show they are apart of a particular group or gang. Tattoos and body piercing confirm to others that you belong to a particular group, or define yourself as different or unique from general society. I think Body modification is a subculture because it coexists with contemporary society yet is distinct and different from our society’s norms. One most likely would not attain a professional, political, or high ranking position in society with a neon purple bar through their lip. But being a part of a subculture you could work and socialize amongst others who also support body modification and alternative lifestyles.... Free Essays on Subcultures, Tatoo And Body Piercing Free Essays on Subcultures, Tatoo And Body Piercing â€Å"SUBCULTURES† Subcultures are made up of people that come together and seek out others that share similar problems, views, and ideas. Groups form and then redefine ideas and challenge general society norms. Subcultures exist because some people find a need to have a distinct identity, the need to rebel, to seek acceptance, and to find something alternative to or in opposition to the dominate culture they live in. Finding a subculture to belong to might help people feel more in control and secure while coexisting in a more hectic dominate society. What makes your subculture a â€Å"subculture†? One of the cultural features in the body modification subculture is defining who you are by extreme piercing, tattooing, or marking your body with jewelry and symbols. People who take part in this subculture feel it shows a â€Å"social† presentation of themselves and their experiences. People choose to pierce or tattoo their bodies for many different reasons. Like peer influence, rebellion, and for others or â€Å"outsiders† to view them as different from the norm. In some cultures piercing and tattooing ones body is for tribal or spiritual markings. Some people get tattoos to show they are apart of a particular group or gang. Tattoos and body piercing confirm to others that you belong to a particular group, or define yourself as different or unique from general society. I think Body modification is a subculture because it coexists with contemporary society yet is distinct and different from our society’s norms. One most likely would not attain a professional, political, or high ranking position in society with a neon purple bar through their lip. But being a part of a subculture you could work and socialize amongst others who also support body modification and alternative lifestyles....